层层自组装技术制备类水滑石基新型薄膜材料的研究进展

摘要

Due to its structural anisotropy , novel physical and chemical properties , and multifunctionality,layered double hydroxides (LDHs) has been widely used in the field of materials science. Focusing on the study in recent years on thin-film materials based on LDHs,the paper is aimed to summarize the basic forces of the thin-film material produced by layer-by-layer self-assembly method (such as electrostatic adsorption,hydrogen bonding,etc.),and to expound LDHs assembled with inorganic molecules (montmorillonite,manganese dioxide,graphene,etc.),organic molecules (such as poly (vinyl alcohol),fluorescent dyes,polystyrene sulfonate,etc.) and so on. Applications of thin film on light,electricity,catalysis,biology-inorganic materials are also discussed in detail. With the basic research on preparation,chemical composition and the main forces for assembling in depth, as well as the functionality and practical application of the LBL technology being mature,the thin-film materials based on LDHs via LBL method have a profound impact in many fields including materials, chemical,biological,and other high-tech areas.%　　类水滑石（layered double hydroxides，LDHs）具有各向异性的结构特征、特殊的理化特性及多功能性，在材料科学领域得到广泛应用。本文围绕近年来 LDHs 基薄膜材料的研究进展，系统概括了层层自组装技术（layer-by-layer self-assembly，LBL 技术）制备的 LDHs 基新型薄膜材料的基础作用力（如静电吸附作用、氢键作用等），阐述了 LDHs 与无机分子（如蒙脱石、二氧化锰、石墨烯等）、有机分子（如聚乙烯醇、荧光染料、聚苯乙烯磺酸盐等）等组装制备的特性薄膜材料，并总结了其在光、电、催化、生物无机材料等方面的应用。指出伴随着制备方法、化学组成及成膜作用力等方面基础研究的深入以及对 LBL 技术的功能化、实用化研究的日臻成熟，以 LBL 技术构筑的 LDHs 基薄膜材料必将对材料、化学、生物等科技领域产生深远的影响。