开展浓海水综合利用,既能实现对淡化后浓海水的零排放,又可以有效利用其中宝贵的化学资源,经济、环境、社会效益显著.本文归纳了当前国内外浓海水化学资源综合利用的主要技术,重点介绍了与滩晒制盐及盐化工结合的技术、基于电渗析浓缩制盐的技术、综合利用制液体盐等技术,分析了各自具有的优势和存在的问题,从时间、空间等角度阐述了各技术的应用条件及前景.最后指出,电渗析与纳滤等膜分离技术的集成是未来实现工厂化制盐及盐化生产前景较好的方式,并提出开发资源利用率和产品附加值高、占地少、利用可再生能源、综合提取锂、铀、硼、碘、铯等微量元素的新工艺是今后我国浓海水综合利用技术的研究方向和发展趋势.%Multipurpose utilization of brine from seawater could not only realize zero-discharge from seawater desalination plant, but also effectively utilize the valuable chemical resources. The current main multipurpose utilization technologies were summarized in the paper. The technologies combined with the salt production method by solar evaporation, based on the concentration by electrodialysis, and the comprehensive utilization technique to finally prepare liquid salt, were emphasized; the respective advantages and existing problems were also discussed; the application conditions and prospects were described from the perspectives of time and space. It was pointed out that the integration of electrodialysis and nanofiltration can be a fairly good way of realizing factory production of salt and other chemicals in the future; furthermore, development of new techniques with high resource utilization ratio, high additional value of products, less land occupation, utilization of renewable energy, comprehensive extractions of trace elements such as lithium, uranium, boron, iodine, cesium, were proposed as the research directions and development trends of multipurpose utilization technologies of brine in China.
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