铜矿尾矿资源化利用研究进展

摘要

铜矿开采造成大量尾矿的堆积，在堆积过程中，尾矿不仅占用土地空间，同时还会通过扬尘、渗滤等方式造成大气、地下水的污染，给生态环境带来了巨大压力，对铜矿尾矿的有效处理处置显得迫在眉睫。铜矿尾矿内含有丰富的有用成分，表现出明显的资源特征，资源化利用潜力巨大。本文简要概述了目前国内外有关铜矿尾矿资源化利用的主要思路和技术方法，主要介绍了采用浮选、生物浸出等方法对尾矿中有价组分的再选回收和作为水泥、混凝土掺料及生产砖等建材原料的建筑材料利用，同时指出以铜矿尾矿制备高附加值产品，如作为硅源材料的合成原料生产白炭黑等，可以作为铜矿尾矿精细资源化利用的一条新道路而成为值得关注的发展方向，以期为铜矿尾矿的资源化利用提供参考。%Copper mining causes the accumulation of tailing resources.In the accumulation process,tailings not only occupy land space,but also cause the pollution of atmosphere and groundwater by the dust and filtration, bringing enormous pressure to the ecological environment.It is imminent that copper tailings are effectively disposed.The copper tailings are rich in useful components,showing obvious characteristics of the resources and the potential for recycling utilization.In this paper the main methods and technologies of recycling utilization of copper tailings at home and abroad are reviewed,including reelection and recycling of the valuable components by flotation and bioleaching,and utilization as building materials for the production of the bricks and as the admixture of cement and concrete.It is also pointed out that more attention should be paid to utilization of copper tailings for the preparation of high value-added materials,such as as the raw material for sythesis of the silicon resources to produce amorphous silica,which are willing to provide references for recycling utilization of copper tailing resources.