锂/空气电池非贵金属催化剂研究进展

摘要

Lithium-air battery has been considered as one of the most promising secondary batteries due to its high theoretical energy density,small volume,light weight,low cost and environment compatibility. In this review,the structures,principles and types of lithium-air battery were discussed first. Then the recent developments of non-precious metal catalysts for lithium-air batteries were overviewed,including transition metal oxides,metal nitrides,carbon materials,and transition metal macrocycles. In the end,it was proposed that the development of materials chemistry and nanotechnology as well as the clarification of catalytic reaction mechanism is crucial to obtain high-performance non-precious metal catalysts for lithium-air batteries.%锂/空气电池理论能量密度高、体积小、质量轻、价格低、无污染，是极具应用前景的二次电池。本文首先简要介绍了锂/空气电池的基本结构、原理和种类，随后重点讨论了近年来用于锂/空气电池的非贵金属催化剂的研究进展。这些催化剂主要包括过渡金属氧化物、过渡金属氮化物、碳材料以及过渡金属大环化合物等。最后认为，材料化学、纳米技术等学科的发展以及催化机理的阐明对发展高性能的锂/空气电池非贵金属催化剂起至关重要的作用。