双流化床生物质气化炉研究进展

摘要

生物质是重要的清洁可再生能源，双流化床生物质气化技术是将低品位的生物质能转化成高品位氢能的重要途径。本文阐明了双流化床气化过程的基本原理，从燃气中氢气浓度、焦油含量和装置热效率等角度，介绍了双流化床生物质气化技术的早期探索和发展现状，对目前几种典型双流化床生物质气化炉的炉型设计及相关试验研究进行了分析和总结。指出内循环双流化床气化炉结构虽然简单紧凑，但是难以避免气化室和燃烧室之间的气体串混问题；而外循环流化床通过外置返料器很好地解决了气体串混问题。分析了不同气化室优化设计方案对提升燃气品质的理论依据及其优缺点。最后对双流化床生物质气化技术的发展进行了总结和展望，指出双流化床生物质气化制氢具有非常广阔的工业化应用和发展前景。%Biomass is an important part of clean and renewable energy sources. Dual fluidized bed biomass gasification is an important technology that transforms low-quality biomass into high-quality hydrogen. This paper illustrates the basic principles of the dual fluidized bed gasification process,and summarizes the early exploration and development status of the dual fluidized bed biomass gasification technology from the perspective of hydrogen concentration,tar content and device thermal efficiency. The furnace design and related experimental studies of several typical dual fluidized bed biomass gasifiers are analyzed and summarized. Internal circulating dual fluidized bed gasification furnace has simple and compact structure,but it is difficult to prevent gas leakage between gasification chamber and combustion chamber. External circulating dual fluidized bed with external recycle device resolves the problem of gas leakage. The theoretical basis,advantages and disadvantages of different optimized gasification chamber designs are analyzed. The development of dual fluidized bed biomass gasification technology is summarized and prospected. Dual fluidized bed biomass gasification has broad industrial application and development prospect.