厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器的国内研究与应用现状

摘要

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床（expanded granular sludge bed，EGSB）反应器作为第三代厌氧反应器的典型代表，相比于上流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器具有更高的容积负荷和抗冲击性能，且其还有占地小以及可产生沼气能源等优点，因而被广泛应用于多种高浓度有机废水处理。本文介绍了 EGSB 反应器的结构原理与运行流程；统计分析了近些年国内 EGSB 反应器的相关文献及其由小试到工程化的发展历程；概述了 EGSB反应器在甲烷化、厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）、生物制氢、同步脱氮除硫方面的研究进展；综述了产甲烷EGSB反应器与生物膜法、序批式活性污泥法和传统活性污泥法等工艺联用的工程应用现状，指出这些工艺均表现出良好的单体去除效果和较理想的整体去除效果，且EGSB反应器在与新兴技术的耦合上也表现出较好的前景。%As a typical representative of the third-generation anaerobic bioreactor,the expanded granular sludge bed(EGSB) reactor,having the advantages of higher volumetric loading and better shock resistance performance than the upflow anaerobic sludge bed(UASB) reactor,as well as low occupation and biogas generation. And it has been widely applied in various high-strength organic wastewater treatment at home and abroad. The configuration principle and operation process of the EGSB reactor was introduced. The relevant literatures in recent years were analyzed statistically, reflecting the development of the reactor from lab-scale to plant-scale. The basic research of the reactor were reviewed in terms of the methane production,anaerobic ammonia oxidation(ANAMMOX), hydrogen production and simultaneous removal of sulfur and nitrogen. And the application status of the methane production EGSB reactor was discussed by different process couplings including biofilm, sequencing activated sludge and conventional activated sludge process,showing favorable unit and overall treatment results. Additionally,the coupling of the reactor and novel technology suggested a preferable future.