碳化物衍生碳及其在吸附领域中的应用研究进展

摘要

碳化物衍生碳(CDC)是近年来开发的一种具有纳米结构的新型多孔碳材料.该材料是将碳化物前体通过物理(如热分解等)或化学(如卤化等)过程,由表及里逐层刻蚀掉非碳原子得到的,可以实现原子水平上的调控.本文介绍了CDC的制备工艺、性质(孔和形貌)及其在吸附领域中的应用.结果表明,可以通过控制刻蚀温度、碳化物前体、后处理等合成条件实现CDC比表面积大范围可调、孔径及孔径分布等微观结构精确可控,得到从无定形碳到高度有序的石墨、碳纳米管或石墨烯等多种结构.最后指出了解制备过程-结构-性质之间的关系有利于精确调控CDC以满足特定应用的要求.%Carbide-derived carbon(CDC)is a new kind of porous carbon materials with nanostructure.CDC is produced by selective extraction of metal atoms via physical(e.g.,thermal decomposition)or chemical(e.g.,halogenation)processes,and transforming the carbide structure into pure carbon.Its nanostructure can be controlled at atom level.This paper summarizes the synthesis and properties CDC,including its pore and structure,and applications in adsorption.It is shown that its structure such as the specific surface area,pore size and pore size distribution can be controlled accurately by the change of synthesis parameters,resulting in the structure ranges from amorphous carbon to graphite,carbon nanotubes or graphene.Understanding of the processing-structure-properties relationships facilitates tuning of the CDC to meet the requirements of certain application.