基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨

摘要

岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明，传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发，文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度，在继承传统划分方法的基础上，提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件，以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法：根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型，根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类，根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中(地下河、岩溶泉)和分散排泄三类系统，并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富，“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标，合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署，“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。%It has been proved that traditional division schemes of karst groundwater system are not favorable to water exploration and utilization.In order to guide the karst area groundwater exploration and develop-ment better,a new classification scheme is proposed based on conditions of occurrence,enrichment and ex-ploitation.According to the spatial relationship between the karst groundwater systems and supply targets, they are classified into "high"and"low" types.Upon the key hydrogeological structure,they are divided as"open" and"closed" subclasses.In light of groundwater hydrodynamic characteristics and drainages,they are compartmentalized into “focus”(underground rivers,karst springs)and"divergent drainage"systems.In addition,it is pointed out that exploration of "high" groundwater systems is of low cost,"closed" systems have abundant groundwater resources which are the main targets of exploitation.Rational development and utilization of karst water systems would be in accordance with the order of"high-closed","high-open",and" low-closed" .Due to poor enrichment of groundwater and high cost," low-open" systems can be used as reserve water sources.