环境舱内典型物质燃烧释放颗粒物PM1.0的排放特征及影响因素研究

摘要

Due to lack of the study on the pollution characteristics of particulate matter PM1.0 and PM2.5 from the typical substances such as incense,mosquito coil,cigarette and etc,it has an important significance to explore the emission characteristics of PM1.0 released from incense,mosquito and cigarette of burning.Firstly,the concentrations of particulate matter released from the burning of three kinds of incenses,three kinds of mosquito coils and three kinds of cigarettes were continuously measured respectively by a portable particulate matter tester TSI 8533 in an environmental chamber of 1 m3 with the temperature of 23 ℃ and the relative humidity of 40％.Then,the emission characteristics including the emission rates and emission factors were calculated and determined by the mass balance equation according to the concentration data.Finally,by changing the humidity and ventilation rate,the effect of the humidity,ventilation rate and amounts of burning substances on the emission characteristics were studied and analyzed.The results showed that:1) The particulate matter generated by these nine kinds of burning substances is all dominated by PM1.0,and among the substances,the proportion of PM1.0 in PM2.5 from the 8 kinds of is all above 99％.2) The emission factors of PM1.0 from incenses,mosquito coils and cigarettes range from 9.274 to 33.384 mg/g,2.392 to 4.158 mg/g and 11.026 to 16.585 mg/g,respectively.3) With the humidity rising in the chamber,the emission factor and emission rate of PM1.0 from the burning substances decreased.With the ventilation rate rising,the emission rate of PM1.0 increased.However,the emission factor has no obvious variation.It can provide basic data for further researching emission characteristics of PM1.0 released from the typical burning substances and controlling pollution.%由于对室内典型燃烧物质如燃香、蚊香、吸烟等所释放的颗粒物PM1.0和PM2.5污染特征的研究还很缺乏,故定量燃香、蚊香、香烟燃烧释放PM1.0的散发特征有重要意义.首先在温度为23℃、相对湿度为40％的环境舱中对九种典型物质(3种燃香、3种香烟和3种蚊香)燃烧释放的颗粒物的逐时浓度采用TSI 8533便携式颗粒物仪分别进行了实时监测,然后利用质量平衡方程确定了不同物质燃烧产生PM1.0的散发速率和散发因子,最后研究了舱内湿度和换气次数对PM1.0散发特征量的影响.结果表明:1)九种燃烧物质释放的颗粒物主要以细微颗粒物PM1.0为主,其中8种物质释放的PM1.0在PM2.5中的比例占到了99％以上.2)燃香、蚊香、香烟颗粒物PM1.0的排放因子分别在9.274 ～ 33.384 mg/g、2.392 ～4.158 mg/g及11.026～16.585 mg/g之间.3)湿度升高,燃烧物释放的PM1.0的排放速率与排放因子都会随之降低.换气次数增加,PM1.0的排放速率增加,但排放因子几乎不变.结果可为深入研究典型物质燃烧释放PM1.0的特征及污染控制提供基础数据.