室内可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)数值模拟方法及软件综述

摘要

可挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)是室内最常见的一类污染物,在中国新装修的建筑中污染非常严重.现有了解室内VOCs浓度最主要的方法是在装修完成后进行实际测试,这种方法费时费力.通过数值模拟分析室内VOCs污染物的总负荷和浓度变化是一种行之有效的方法,同时该方法也是对室内的污染负荷进行设计和控制的有效手段.本文先综述了国内外现有的VOCs数值模拟方法、发展过程和主要使用的模型,然后选取国际上代表性模拟软件,总结了各软件的主要功能和特点.通过分析指出现有软件在使用的模型、对各影响因素,特别是对环境温湿度的考虑、材料散发模型在实际建筑中的验证和散发源强数据库等方面都存在一定不足.要使室内VOCs模拟适用于工程实际需重点解决这些问题.%Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are one of the most ubiquitous indoor pollutants.Severe VOC pollutions in the new renovated buildings have been commonly reported in China.Field measurement after indoor fitting constitutes the main approach to know indoor VOC concentrations.However,this method is very time consuming and expensive.Indoor pollutant loads and concentrations simulation are more effective,which is also very helpful in control of indoor VOC concentrations and optimization of the decoration design scheme.This paper first reviews the main indoor VOCs numerical simulation methods.The emission models and development process of these methods are introduced.The main functions and characteristics of some indoor air quality software have also been analyzed.It points out that the models,consideration of the multiple influencing factors,especially the effects of temperature and humidity,the field validation of the emission models and the material emission source strength database are not well considered in these methods and software.These deficiencies need to be solved to allow application of indoor VOCs simulation in engineering project.