露天矿爆破粉尘排放量影响因素分析及试验研究

摘要

露天矿爆破作业是粉尘排放的最大来源,粉尘排放不仅对环境造成污染,而且对人员身体健康造成威胁.为了定量分析爆破粉尘排放量,制定更加有效的防尘措施,以缅甸某露天矿山爆破作业为背景,对影响爆破粉尘浓度和排放量的因素进行了现场试验研究.通过合理设置实验方案,测得多点粉尘浓度及粉尘沉降量,结合粉尘污染扩散理论,采用函数拟合的方法,对不同药量和水封高度条件下的爆破粉尘排放量进行对比分析,得到了炸药量和水封高度与粉尘排放量的数量关系.结果表明:炸药用量增加10%,粉尘排放量增加达25%;采用水封爆破手段时粉尘吸收量最高达63%,验证了水封爆破降尘的有效性.%Open pit blasting operations are the largest source of dust emissions,which not only causes pollution to the environment,but also threatens the health of the staff.In order to quantitatively analyze the blasting dust emis-sion and to take more effective dust proof measures,the field experiment was carried out concerning the factors affect-ing the blasting dust concentration and the discharge on the background of a blasting operation in an opencast mine in Myanmar.Through the reasonable setting of the experimental scheme,the multi-point dust concentration and the dust settling amount were measured.Combined with the dust pollution diffusion theory,the blasting dust emission under different dosage and water seal height were analyzed by the method of function fitting.The amount of explosives and the height of the water stemming and the amount of dust emissions were studied.The results show that the amount of explosives increases by 10% and the dust exhaust capacity increases by 25%.The dust absorption is up to 63% by means of water stemming blasting,and the effectiveness of water infusion blasting is verified.The results of the analy-sis show certain guiding significance for the development of dustproof and dustproof measures in open pit mine.