未培养技术在瘤胃产甲烷菌群研究中的应用

摘要

瘤胃中的产甲烷菌为严格厌氧微生物，很难通过分离培养的方法进行研究。现已经培养并公布的瘤胃产甲烷菌只有4种，成千上万种类的瘤胃产甲烷菌不能培养出来。未培养技术的发展与应用突破了传统分离培养检测方法的限制，使瘤胃产甲烷菌的研究有了较大的进展。综述了实时定量PCR、16S rDNA文库、DGGE和高通量测序技术等6项具有代表性的未培养技术及其在瘤胃产甲烷菌研究中的应用，为以后瘤胃产甲烷菌的研究提供方法上的参考。%The ruminal methanogen are strictly anaerobic, which are hard to culture.The ruminal methanogen which have been cultured successfully are only 4 species.while hundreds of species of methanogen could not be cultured.The application and development of uncultured technology promotes the research of ruminal methanogen, which overcome the limitation of the tranditional technology of isolation and culturing. Several dominant culture-independent technologies used to study ruminal methanogens were introduced in this paper to provide references on methods for future ruminal methanogen study.