微生物法生产L-丝氨酸代谢工程研究进展

摘要

L-serine is an important intermediate metabolite as a metabolic precursor to L-glycine and many other amino acids, nucleotides, choline, and phospholipids in organisms, and it has been widely used in medicine, food, cosmetics and other industries. The methods of producing L-serine include protein hydrolysis, chemical synthesis, enzymatic/microbial conversion and microbial fermentation, among which microbial fermentation has some advantages such as low cost of raw material, less environmental pollution, and high purity of product, etc. The strategies of metabolic engineering for improving L-serine production are reviewed, including the regulatory mechanisms and genetic modification of L-serine biosynthesis, as well the modified measures and subsequent effects. Furthermore, the prospect of L-serine breeding technologies is also discussed.%L-丝氨酸是生物体内一种重要的中间代谢产物，为甘氨酸等多种氨基酸、核苷酸、胆碱、磷脂的合成前体，现已广泛应用于医药、食品、化妆品等领域。L-丝氨酸的生产方法有蛋白质水解提取法、化学合成法、转化法及微生物发酵法，其中微生物发酵法具有原料廉价、环境污染小、产物纯度高等优点。系统综述了微生物发酵法生产L-丝氨酸所涉及的代谢工程策略，包括微生物合成L-丝氨酸的各种代谢调控机制及相应采取的改造措施和效果，并探讨了L-丝氨酸育种技术未来的发展趋势。