上转换纳米材料是近年来发展起来的新兴稀土荧光材料。在近红外光的激发下可将其转变成可见光这一光学特性，使其具有抗光漂白能力强、宽的反斯托克斯位移、低毒性以及无自体荧光干扰等优点，在免疫检测中可提高灵敏度和信噪比。上转换稀土纳米颗粒水溶性和分散性较差，因此要通过化学修饰成水溶性和分散性较好的上转换稀土颗粒，以进一步与生物分子偶联。本文主要在合成上转换纳米颗粒的基础上，对化学修饰的方法及荧光共振能量传递机制、基于磁分离富集的免疫检测技术、固相微孔板荧光标记技术、免疫传感技术和免疫层析技术的应用研究做一综述。上转换技术的成功应用解决了传统的纳米材料应用中低灵敏度的问题，在医学检测领域具有很大的应用潜力。%Up-converting nanoparticle is a novel rare earth fluorescence material in recent years .The optical mechanism which converts it into visible light at near infrared light excitation makes it possess the advantages as strong anti photo-bleaching , wide anti-stokes shift , lower toxicity and lack of auto fluorescence . These advantages can enhance sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio in immunoassay detection .The water solution and dispersity of up-converting nanoparticles are weak . Therefore we produce good water solution and monodispersity of up-converting rare earth particles by chemical modification so as to conjugate to biomolecules . This paper reviews the chemical modification of up-converting particles , mechanism of fluorescence resonance energy transfer , application in immunoassay based on magnetic isolation , fluorescent biolabeling with solid-phase micro well , biosensor and lateral-flow assay. Application in up-converting technology solves low sensitivity for traditional nanomaterials and has potential in medical detection .
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