不同小麦品种和杀菌剂对赤霉病菌的抗性与防效

摘要

近年来江苏盐城市射阳地区大面积种植的小麦品种多、抗病较弱,种子自身带菌量大;同时,小麦播种量大,肥水管理不够科学,化学防治质量不高,气候不稳定,均会导致小麦赤霉病大发生,严重年份减产达50％,甚至绝收.当病害发生后,不合理用药又进一步导致病害加重.对射阳地区小麦主栽品种对赤霉病病原菌进行了实验室内抗性鉴定,测定了7种药剂及7种药剂组合的实验室内抑菌率,并评价了7种药剂对赤霉病的田间化学喷雾防效.结果表明:淮麦29、济麦22和连麦7号在射阳地区表现为高抗赤霉病;对小麦赤霉病抑菌效果比较好的杀菌剂有5％井冈霉素悬浮剂、12.5％烯唑醇可湿性粉剂、15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂,对小麦赤霉病抑菌效果比较好的杀菌剂组合有50％多菌灵可湿性粉剂+15％三唑酮可湿性粉剂、12.5％烯唑醇可湿性粉剂+25％氰烯菌酯乳油;5％井冈霉素悬浮剂和25％氰烯菌酯乳油2种药剂对赤霉病的病指防效比较好.%In recent years, many wheat varieties have been planted in Sheyang area of Jiangsu Province; unfortunately, their disease resistance is weak and their seedsthemselves harbor a large number of pathogens. Besides, these wheat varieties are planted in a high sowing density, the management of fertilizers and water is ineffective, the effect of chemical control is insignificant, and the climate is unstable, resulting in severe occurrence of wheat scab. During the years with severe occurrence of scab, wheat yield declined by 50％ or even 100％. When the disease occurs, improper use of chemical agents further leads to an increase in the disease severity. In this study, the main wheat varieties planted in Sheyang area were evaluated in laboratory conditions for resistance to the pathogen causing scab;seven agents and seven drug combinations were assessed for their in vitro inhibition rate for the pathogen; and seven agents were sprayed onto wheat in the field to determine their field efficacy in controlling scab. The results showed that the wheat varieties Huaimai29, Jimai 22, and Lianmai 7 are highly resistant to scab in Sheyang area. The fungicides effective in inhibiting the pathogen of scab in laboratory conditions were 5％ Jinggangmycin suspension, 12.5％ diniconazole wettable powder, and 15％ triazolone wettable powder.The fungicide combinations with a strong inhibitory effect on the pathogen were 50％ carbendazim WP plus 15％ triazolone wettablepowder, and 12.5％ diniconol wettable powder plus 25％ cymene emulsifiable concentrate. Moreover, 5％ Jinggangmycin suspension and 25％ cymene emulsifiable concentrate were shown to be effective in controlling scab in the field.