基于人体压力分布的座椅形面优化设计

摘要

为获得舒适座椅形面的造型和尺度特征,基于体压分布指标与舒适度量表评分相结合的评价方法,分析了静态坐姿条件下,座椅靠背和坐垫形面特征与人体关键部位的舒适度影响关系,并据此提出了座椅靠背和坐垫形面人机优化设计建议.体压分布实验结果表明:座椅压力分布SPD值仅反映压力分布均匀程度,但在形面几何构造复杂的情况下,不能表征靠背或坐垫的整体舒适度;圆形压力梯度GC值不受坐垫形面变量因素的影响,能有效表征人体坐骨结节处的舒适度.%In order to obtain the styling and scaling features of the shape surfaces of comfortable seats,the relationships between the shape surface features of seatback and cushion and the comfort levels of key parts of hu-man-body under the condition of static seating posture are analyzed based on an evaluation method combining body pressure distribution indicator with comfort score table,and on this basis an ergonomic optimization design proposal for the shape surfaces of seatback and cushion is put forward. The results of body pressure distribution experiment show that the values of seat pressure distribution(SPD) only reflect the evenness of pressure distribution,but can-not characterize the overall comfort of seatback and cushion under the condition of complex geometry constructions of shape surfaces. Circular pressure gradient (GC) is not affected by variable factors of cushion shape surface and can effectively represent the comfort level of ischial tuberosity.