测量不确定度评定应基于误差理论

摘要

《测量不确定度指南》（GUM）因免用真值、不涉及误差等原因，曾导致一些学者将不确定度与误差对立起来，捋清测量不确定度评定与误差理论的关系，仍是当前值得论述的问题。本文从测量不确定度与真值和测量误差、测量不确定度评定方法与误差分类、测量不确定度评定与概率分布、合成不确定度与误差合成理论这几方面论述了二者间的重要关系，并根据误差理论发展情况，指出GUM应予扩展应用的若干问题。%Because ＂Guide to Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement＂ （GUM） avoids using true value, and does not involve error, some scholars oppose uncertainty against errors. It is worth discussion in clarifying the relation of evaluation of uncertainty in measurement and error theory. In this paper, the important relationship between them is discussed from the following several aspects： uncertainty in measurement and true value, and measurement error, evaluation methods of uncertainty in measurement and error classification, evaluation of uncertainty in measurement and probability distribution, uncertainty and error combination theory. Furthermore, according to the development condition of error theory, certain aspects which GUM should be extended is proposed.