电动汽车充电对配电网的影响及对策

摘要

电动汽车的大规模使用将会对配电网产生直接影响。以某市一条10kV生活线路为对象,考虑了多种渗透率场景,从负荷、电网损耗和电压等几个方面分析了电动汽车充电对配电网的影响。分析结果表明当电动汽车渗透率较高时,车主的无控制充电行为将会对电网造成巨大的压力,而合理的电动汽车接入电网充电将有助于电网的经济运行。提出了电动汽车智能充电方法,该方法可在满足电动汽车充电需求的情况下,根据短期负荷趋势,对各时段可充电功率进行优化,达到平稳负荷、降低电能损耗和提高电压质量的目标。%Large-scale development of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles（PHEVs） will have direct impacts on the distribution grid.PHEV charging impacts on the distribution grid are analyzed through a residential 10 kV feeder in a city from aspects such as impacts on load profile,power loss and voltage quality.Several scenarios of different penetration levels are discussed.The results indicate that under high penetration scenario,uncontrolled charging will pose great pressure on the grid and reasonable PHEV penetration may be helpful to the grid＇s economic operation.Smart charging method is explored which can optimize the chargeable power in each period according to the short-term load trend,in order to meet the charging requirements,achieve smoother load profile,less power loss and better voltage quality.