不同暴露途径下有机污染物对大鼠急性毒性的相关性研究

摘要

Organic pollutants have different absorption and distribution rates in animals from different exposure routes,leading to different toxic effects.Investigation on the effect of exposure ronte on toxicity to mammals is valuable in the safety assessment of environmental pollutants.In this study,the acute toxicity data of 527 compounds in rats from intravenous,intramuscular,intraperitoneal and intragastric exposure routes were collected to compare the toxicities from different routes.The results show that the toxicity sensitivity is in order of intravenous ＞ intraperitoneal ＞ intramuscular ＞ intragastric.The log1/LD50 from intravenous injection is significantly correlated with log1/LD50 from other injection routes,but poorly with log1/LD50 from intragastric route with correlation coefficients from 0.82 to 0.97.Investigation on the relationships between the toxicities and the kinetic rates of organic pollutants in rats,such as bioavailability,absorption,elimination and metabolism,shows that the difference in toxicity sensitivity is mainly due to the difference in absorption rates of compounds from different routes.%不同暴露途径下有机物在生物体内的吸收分布不同,导致毒性效应亦不同,研究化学品在不同暴露途径下对生物体的毒性,对化学品的安全性评价有实际意义.本文通过研究静脉注射、腹腔注射、肌肉注射与经口灌胃4种暴露途径下527个有机物对大鼠的急性毒性数据相关性,比较了不同暴露途径下大鼠对有机污染物的敏感度顺序,结果为:静脉注射＞腹腔注射＞肌肉注射＞经口灌胃途径,静脉注射途径下log1/LD50与其他几种注射途径下的log1/LD50有较显著的相关性,但是与灌胃途径下毒性值之间的相关性较差,相关系数r的范围为0.82～0.97.通过逐项分析研究不同暴露途径下化合物对大鼠的急性毒性与生物利用度、吸收速率、消除速率以及代谢过程的关系,结果表明,导致这种差异的原因主要是有机污染物在大鼠体内的吸附动力学过程不同所致.