制度变革对农田生产活动的影响机制研究--以新疆生产建设兵团某团三连为例

摘要

探讨制度变革对农田生产活动的影响可加深对中国农地制度变迁的理解，丰富和发展农业区位理论。通过实地调查新疆生产建设兵团某团三连农业生产管理体制的变革对农田生产活动的影响，首先，运用空间分析、统计分析等方法对比了制度变革前后农田生产活动的变化特征：制度变革后种植结构趋于多样化，棉花种植面积迅速降低，其他作物种植面积快速增加；多数农田（64．8％）投入减少；绝大部分农田（94．3％）生产效率提高。其次，运用相关分析、回归分析法，剖析了形成此现象的原因：①越倾向于认为体制因素是阻碍连队经济发展的职工，其作物种植种类越多；②制度变革后，生活费用增加的农户愿意增加农田投入，并通过调整生产要素投入结构来降低农田总投入成本；③制度变革后，生产资料的效用增强。结论：以农业生产的最小组织单元为研究对象，选取制度变革前后农业生产数据，测度新的政策方针对农户的影响，将更能真实地反映新制度的效应。%The farmland production activities analysis is important in understanding the system transformation in rural China .This paper is based on a survey undertaken in a regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in January and February 2008, February 2010.The survey covers these farmlands of 347.2 hm2 from 82 households .Data collected include 87 attributes for each household .The paper adopted spatial analysis and statisti-cal analysis , and found the variation of farmland production after the system transformation as the follows: ( 1 ) Planting structure become diversified , from one kind to eight kinds of plant , and cotton planting area decreased rap-idly, other crops planting area increased fast .(2) Many (64.8%) farmlands’ input being decreased , 20.3%of these reduced 10 000 yuan/hm2;(3) Most (94.3%) of farmlands’ production efficiency being higher than be-fore, 38.8%of these above 1.This paper adopted the correlation analysis and regression analysis to explore the formation reasons of this phenomenon , and the results were as the followings: ( 1 ) Workers who agreed with the system were the most important reason impacting company development tend to increasing their plant species ;(2) System transformation urges the workers increase their farmland input when they become richer , and reduce the to-tal cost of farmland through adjusting input structure;(3) System transformation reinforces the utility of production factors.The paper takes the smallest unit of agriculture production as the research object , selects the agricultural production data before and after the system transformation , and analyzes the influence mechanism of system trans-formation on farmland production activities , which can be reflected the effect of the new system well .