“小中见大”--日本借景园林的空间与视觉特质

摘要

以日本的借景园林为研究对象，在广泛文献调查的基础上全面整理借景园林的案例，分析空间及视觉层面的群体特征，并探讨所蕴含的设计理念。具体选取了32个典型的借景园林案例，以及其中“背山”的布局方式，基于景观视觉的分析方法，定量分析了借景意识与园林及其环境的空间特征之间的关联性。发现园林的借景意识与借景对象的视觉尺度间存在对应关系，借景园林往往基于借景对象而得以布局，并从中总结出了“小中见大”的空间及视觉特质。%On the object of Borrowed Scenery in Japan, cases of Borrowed Scenery Garden are comprehensively colected based on extensive survey on literatures, spatial and visual composition is analyzed, aiming at the explanation into the intrinsic idea. Concretely 32 typical gardens and those which are planned opposite to the nearby hilside are gathered and the relationship between the initiative of Borrowed Scenery and the spatial character of garden’s environment is highlighted. It is concluded that, the initiative of Borrowed Scenery within gardens is affected by the scale of the object, and gardens are usualy planned according to the object of Borrowed Scenery. Finaly the intrinsic idea of Xiao-zhong-jian-da, viewing landscape in large scale through a smal space, is summarized as the spatial and visual characteristic.