[目的]以新疆天山北坡昌吉市郊区散养和规模化奶牛养殖场为对象，对奶牛体况、环境压力、牛体污染、乳房炎、血液性状等健康指标进行了调查分析。[方法]选择奶牛散养户5户和规模化奶牛养殖场的干奶期、泌乳初期和泌乳中期奶牛，分别于冬季和夏季进行体况、环境压力、乳房炎、血液性状等健康指标的测定与分析。[结果]干奶牛体况值略低于奶牛体况评分的理想值（3.5）；奶牛呼吸数夏季增加，超过50次/min；规模化奶牛养殖场的污染程度比散养户要高，尤其是冬季50%以上奶牛的牛体污染评价值高于3。规模化奶牛养殖场的奶牛乳房炎发病率达40%，并发现了感染金黄色葡萄球菌的病例。低血糖奶牛占一半以上，特别是干奶期比较突出。血液Alb和BUN偏低，干奶期牛群的BUN大多低于7 mg/dL。血液中谷草转氨酶（AST）偏高，谷氨酰转肽酶（GGT）偏低，Ca含量正常，Mg含量较低。[结论]规模化奶牛养殖场存在干奶期奶牛能量及蛋白质不足；冬季环境恶劣并且污染程度较重，牛体污染及乳房炎发病率高；飞节损伤引起的肝功能衰退等现象，需要改进。%[Objective] The scatter-fed and large-scale dairy farm in Changji suburbs of Xinjiang on the north slope of Tianshan were used as research objects to investigate the body condition,breeding environment, hygine score and mastitis, blood characteristics and other health condition of dairy cows. [Method] The dairy cows in dry period, early lactating period and middle lactating period from 5 households and large-scale dairy farms were selected to determine the body condition,breeding environment,mastitis and blood characteristics and other health conditions in winter and summer respectively. [Result] Body condition of dairy cows in dry period was slightly lower than the ideal score of body condition (3.5). The breathing times of dairy cows in summer increased, up to 50 times per minute. The pollution level of large-scale dairy farms was higher than the scatter-fed cows. Especially in winter the pollution evaluation value of more than 50%of dairy cows were higher than 3. The incidence rate of mastitis in large-scale dairy farms reached 40%,and Staphylococcus aureus cases were found. More than 50%dairy cows were at low level of blood sugar, and it was especially obvious. Alb and BUN levels in blood were lower and BUN content in dairy cows in dry period was mostly lower than 7 mg/dL. AST level in blood was higher,and GGT level was lower. Ca concentration was in the normal range, and Mg concentration in blood was low. [Conclusion] The energy and protein levels were insufficient in dairy cows in dry period in large-scale dairy farm. The breeding environment in winter was poor,which caused body pollution and high incidence of mastitis of dairy cows. The phenomenon such as liver function injury caused by hock wound needed to be improved.
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