土地革命战争时期中共地权政策的演变及其机制探讨

摘要

In the period of the agrarian revolutionary war,the aim of land policy in the revolutionary bases was to overthrow the exploiting system of feudal landlords,safeguard and consolidate the revolutionary bases and lay a solid foundation of the new-democratic revolution.However,the early land policy was deeply influenced and even restricted by the Communist International that had confused the character and task of democratic revolution and social democratic revolution and ignored the fundamental situation of Chinese agriculture,only destruction and no construction.Thus,the land ownership policy system had experienced the twisted courses：firstly,land being state-owned and individually cultivated;then,being state-owned and collectively cultivated;lastly,being privately owned and individually cultivated.Although the agrarian revolution finally made the Marxism combined with Chinese agricultural situation and brought with Chinese peasant land tenure,the lessons and experiences in the course were worth being learned by us today.%土地革命时期,革命根据地的土地政策目标是要推翻封建地主剥削制度,保护和巩固根据地,并为完成新民主主义革命任务打下坚实基础,但早期土地政策的制定却受到了共产国际的影响和制约,混淆民主革命和社会主义革命性质和任务的界限,忽视中国农业的基本国情因素,＂破＂了＂旧＂却＂立＂不起＂新＂,从而导致土地政策经历了公有私耕、公有公耕到私有私耕的曲折历程。土地革命虽然最终走上了把马克思主义革命理论同中国具体国情相结合的农民土地所有制道路,但这其中的经验和教训值得我们吸取。