海涂米草、甜高粱、水稻远缘杂交种质资源发掘与创新

摘要

[目的]发掘米草耐盐、甜高粱甜秆、水稻高产种质资源,创制海涂粮饲兼用耐盐甜秆水稻新种质。[方法]于2009～2012年开展了海涂米草、甜高粱、水稻的远缘杂交研究,并对得到的远缘杂交材料进行RAPD分子鉴定。[结果]试验得到了远缘杂交结实、移栽、杂交材料经济性状的试验证据;在经RAPD分析的14份杂交材料中,有5份具有与甜高粱、米草亲本共同条带,而同时在水稻亲本中缺失的情形,表明5份远缘杂交种具有甜高粱、米草亲本的遗传成分。[结论]该研究对于我国资源利用、农业增效、粮食安全、耕地战略等方面有着重要的科学意义,具有广阔的应用前景。%[Objective] This study aimed to explore the germplasm resources of salt-tolerant Spartina,sweet-stalk Soughum bicolor and high-yield Oryza sativa for innovation of new germplasms of salt-tolerant and sweet-stalk Oryza sativa with dual purpose of food and forage in sea beach.[Method] From 2009 to 2012,researches on distant hybridization of Spartina,Soughum bicolor and Oryza sativa had been carried out,and the RAPD molecular identification of obtained distant hybridization materials had been conducted.[Result] Experimental evidences of hybrid seed setting,transplanting and economic characters of hybrid materials were obtained;among the 14 hybrid materials for RAPD analysis,5 materials shared common bands with Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents,which were absent in Oryza sativa parent,indicating that the genetic component of Spartina and Soughum bicolor parents has been integrated into the 5 distant hybrids.[Conclusion] This study has important scientific significance in recourse utilization,agricultural efficiency improvement,food security,and cultivation strategy of China,showing broad application prospects.