基于RS和GIS技术的山东省盐碱类湿地资源调查研究

摘要

Based on the remote sensing data of Landsat, the information of saline wetlands in Shandong Province was extracted and classified by the interaction of computer automatic classification and visual interpretation. The results showed that the tidal wetland was the largest saline wetland type, with an area accounted for 33.88% of the total; the brine pan came at the second, accounting for 20.3% of the total area; followed by the severe saline wetland, accounting for 18.5%. Natural wetland is the main saline wetland type in Shandong Province, accounting for 60.1% of the total saline wetland area. The biodiversity, ecological function and value of natu- ral wetlands are higher than that of constructed wetland. However, the amount of natural wetlands is decreasing, and their functions are deteriorating, thus, the protection of the limited natural wetland resources is urgent.%湿地调查是湿地保护和合理利用的基础。该研究基于LandsatTM遥感数据，采用计算机自动分类和目视解译相结合的方法，完成了山东省盐碱类湿地信息提取和分类。研究显示，滩涂湿地为第一大盐碱类湿地类型，所占面积比例为33．8％；第二大盐碱类湿地类型为盐田，所占面积比例为20．3％；其次是重盐碱化湿地，占18．5％。山东省盐碱类湿地以天然湿地为主，占盐碱类湿地总面积的60．1％。天然湿地的生物多样性、生态功能和价值远远高于人工湿地，而天然湿地数量减少、功能退化的趋势仍在继续，保护有限的天然湿地资源，刻不容缓。