低磷胁迫下大麦不同基因型磷高效特性的差异

摘要

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate differences in phosphorus effi-ciency between two-rowed barley and multiple-rowed barley and differences in phos-phorus efficiency among various agronomic traits, and to explore the relationship be-tween agronomic traits and row type with phosphorus efficiency. [Method] Under available phosphorus mass fractions of 1.32 and 36.6 mg/kg, 172 barley varieties, including 79 two-rowed foreign barley, 22 multiple-rowed foreign barley, 58 two-rowed Chinese barley and 13 multiple-rowed Chinese barley, were selected to com-pare differences in phosphorus efficiency-related agronomic traits. Plant height, spike length, number of unfil ed grains, number of unfil ed grains, main panicle weight, to-tal panicle weight, total stem weight, weight of aerial part and heading stage were surveyed for statistical analysis. [Result] The results showed that, various agronomic traits were larger under fertilization condition than under non-fertilization condition ex-cept number of unfil ed grains and heading stage. Plant high, spike length, weight of aerial part and heading stage varied greatly under non-fertilization condition; number of fil ed grains, number of unfil ed grains and total stem weight varied greatly under fertilization condition. In two-rowed barley, plant height and number of fil ed grains of Chinese varieties were higher than those of foreign varieties, while other agronomic traits such as spike length, number of unfil ed grains, main panicle weight, total panicle weight, total stem weight, weight of aerial part and heading stage of foreign varieties were higher than those of Chinese varieties. Spike length and weight of aerial part in multiple-rowed and two-rowed foreign barley were higher than those in Chinese barley. In multiple-rowed barley, plant height, number of unfil ed grains, total panicle weight and total stem weight of foreign varieties were higher under non-fer-tilization condition and lower under fertilization condition compared with those of Chi-nese varieties; number of fil ed grains, main panicle weight and heading stage of foreign varieties were lower under non-fertilization condition and higher under fertil-ization condition compared with those of Chinese varieties. [Conclusion] Heading stage, number of fil ed grains, number of unfil ed grains and total stem weight are more sensitive to phosphorus efficiency. Multiple-rowed barley is more sensitive to phosphorus efficiency than two-rowed barley.%[目的]为了解二棱大麦和多棱大麦对磷高效的差异，以及不同性状磷高效的差异，探讨棱型和农艺性状与磷高效的关系。[方法]分别在土壤有效磷质量分数为1.32和36.6 mg/kg的条件下，对172个大麦品种其中国外大麦二棱的有79个，多棱22个，国内二棱58个，多棱13个进行磷高效相关性状的差异比较研究，调查株高，穗长，实粒数，秕粒数，主穗重，总穗重，总杆重，地上重，抽穗期并进行相关统计分析。[结果]结果发现，除秕粒数，抽穗期为施肥>不施肥，其余性状都为施肥>不施肥。不施肥情况下株高，穗长，地上重，抽穗期差异大，而在施肥情况下实粒数，秕粒数，总杆重等性状差异大。二棱大麦中，除株高、实粒数是国内>国外，其余性状穗长，秕粒数，主穗重，总穗重，总杆重，地上重，抽穗期都是国外>国内；穗长和地上重两个性状在多棱和二棱大麦中是国外>国内；多棱大麦中，株高、秕粒数、总穗重、总杆重在不施肥情况下是国外>国内，在施肥情况下是国内>国外；多棱大麦中，实粒数、主穗重、抽穗期在不施肥情况下是国内>国外，在施肥情况下是国外>国内。[结论]抽穗期、实粒数、秕粒数、总杆重对磷高效更敏感，多棱大麦比二棱大麦对磷高效更敏感。