施用控释氮肥对油菜产量、农艺性状及土壤肥力的影响

摘要

为了探讨控释氮肥对油菜的肥料效应，通过池栽试验，选取洞庭湖区3种主要土壤在连续4年“稻-稻-冬闲”后将冬闲改种油菜施用旱作控释氮肥，研究控释氮肥对油菜产量、农艺性状和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明，在紫潮泥及河沙泥2种土壤中施用控释氮肥促进了油菜植株的生长发育，可获得较高油菜产量，比施等 N量尿素处理分别增产12.2%和9.8%，70%控释氮肥效果明显降低。施用控释氮肥后河沙泥土壤碱解氮和有机碳含量比油菜试验前分别增加25.0%和3.2%，紫潮泥碱解氮含量提高13.5%，并均高于尿素和70%控释氮肥2个处理。而红黄泥施用控释氮肥对油菜产量和土壤肥力的影响均不及等 N量尿素处理，70%控释氮肥处理的效应则更小。施用控释氮肥对紫潮泥及河沙泥的油菜生产具有显著增产效果及土壤氮素肥力提升作用。%In order to study the effects of control ed release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) application on rapeseed, a simulated experiment was carried out with 3 types of paddy soils in Dongting Lake area for 4 consecutive years of applying CRNF under double rice cropping system after planting rapeseed crop in the fal ow season. The effects of CRNF application on rapeseed yield, agronomic characters and soil fertility were studied in this paper. The results showed that CRNF application improved the growth of rapeseed plant and increased rapeseed yield of CRNF treatments in the purple calcareous clayed paddy soil (PCS) and al uvial loamy paddy soil (ALS) which respectively increased by 12.2% and 9.8% compared with applying urea, re-spectively. The rapeseed yield in 70% CRNF treatment obviously decreased com-pared with urea treatment. The contents of available N and organic carbon in soil increased by 25.0% and 3.2% in CRNF treatment in the ALS after rapeseed crop, respectively; and available N increased by 13.5% in the PCS. Both rapeseed yield and soil fertility in CRNF treatment and 70% CRNF treatment were lower than those in CK treatment in the reddish yel ow clayed paddy soil (RYS). The results al-so indicated that the functions of CRNF application on rapeseed yield increase and soil nitrogen fertility improvement were very obvious in the PCS and ALS.