云南临翔区油菜主产区土壤养分调查与配方施肥

摘要

Objective] The aim was to learn the soil nutrient status of the main rape-seed planting areas in Linxiang County, Yunnan Province, and propose ful produc-tion potential of soil and fertilizer recommendations, thereby promoting local rape-seed production and income. [Method] The soil samples col ected in field and tested in laboratory, with amount of fertilizer needed by rapeseed investigation were com-bined to calculate the formulated fertilization. [Result] Most of the soil organic matter and nutrient content of NPK were at the middle or higher level in the main rape-seed planting areas in Linxiang County. However, more than half of the soils were acidic or strongly acidic, and the soil pH maintained below 5.5. The shortage soil boron was more serious, the average content and nearly 60% of the sample of soil available boron were less than 0.5 mg/kg. [Conclusion] The formulated fertilization recommendations were identified as fol ows. To achieve the goal of 3 750 kg/hm2 240, 150 and 75 kg/ha, if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/h, the total fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O amount applied were separately 300, 195 and 195 kg/hm2. The chemical fertilizer N, P2O5, K2O amount applied should be respectively 240, 150 and 75 kg/hm2, if the application amount of manure was 15 000 kg/hm2. The nitro-gen species of urea (containing N 46%), causing weakest effect on soil acidification, was selected and applied about with 525 kg/hm2. The alkaline calcium magnesium phosphate (P2O5 20%), alternating superphosphate, was applied with about 750 kg/hm2. Sulfuric acid potassium (K2O 50%) was applied with about 150 kg/hm2. About 7.5 kg/hm2 borax was applied into soil as basal fertilizer, while spraying 7.5 kg/hm2 flu-id boron at the Bolting stag.%[目的]了解云南省临沧市临翔区油菜主产区种植土壤养分现状，提出充分发挥土壤生产潜力的配方施肥建议，从而促进当地油菜增产、增收。[方法]通过土样采集、室内检测，结合油菜的需肥量调查，进行配方施肥计算。[结果]发现临翔区油菜种植主产区土壤有机质及氮磷钾等养分含量普遍处于中等或以上水平，但一半多的土壤呈酸性和强酸性，土壤pH值在5.5以下，土壤缺硼现象较为严重，平均值接近60%的土壤样本水溶态硼含量小于0.5 mg/kg。[结论]提出以下配方施肥建议：在每公顷3750 kg的目标产量下，肥料 N、P2O5、K2O的总补施量分别为300、195、195 kg/hm2。在施用农家肥15000 kg/hm2的情况下，化肥N、P2O5、K2O应分别补施240、150、75 kg/hm2。氮肥品种选择对土壤酸化作用最弱的是尿素（含 N 46%），施用量为525 kg/hm2左右，用碱性钙镁磷肥（含 P2O520%）替代普钙，施用量750 kg/hm2，硫酸钾（含 K2O 50%）150 kg/hm2，土壤基施硼砂7.5 kg/hm2，在抽薹期喷施液体硼肥7.5 g/hm2。