苦荞品种（系）农艺性状的主成分分析和聚类分析

摘要

为直观地揭示苦荞品种（系）间的遗传差异和类群农艺性状特点、并发掘其中的良好资源、避免杂交育种过程中选配亲本的盲目性，对来自全国11个荞麦育种单位的45个苦荞品种（系）的6个主要农艺性状，进行主成分和聚类分析。结果表明：应用主成分分析将6个性状简化为3个主成分，其累计贡献率为83%。采用聚类分析，将45个苦荞品种（系）在2.76水平上聚为4大类：髙秆、中产、小粒型；中秆、高产、大粒型；中秆、低产、小粒型和髙秆、中产、中粒型。其中第2类综合性状表现较好，是良好的品种或良好的育种材料。苦荞品种（系）间遗传差异与原产地和地理距离无任何必然的联系，杂交育种选配亲本时，除考虑性状互补、地理距离等因素外，还应考虑其遗传差异（不同类群）。%ln order to reveal the genetic differences and agronomic traits of Fagopy-rum tataricum_ varieties (lines) intuitively, explore good resources and avoid the blindness of parent selection during the breeding process, six primary agronomic traits of 45 F. tataricum_ varieties (lines) that came from the eleven buckwheat breeding departments across the country were analyzed with principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results of principal component analysis showed that the six agronomic traits could be simplified into three principal components, and the cumulative contribution rate reached 83%. The results of cluster analysis showed that the 45 F. tataricum varieties (lines) were classified into four groups:high stalk, medium yield and smal grain type, medium stalk, high yield and large grain type, medium stalk, low yield and smal grain type and high stalk, medium yield and medium grain type. Among them, performance of comprehensive trait of the second type was better than that of the other types. Thus, the F. tataricum_va-rieties (lines) that were classified into the second type could be considered as good varieties (lines) or breeding materials. The genetic differences among F. tataricum_varieties (lines) had no necessary correlations with origin and geographical distance. ln addition to complementary traits and geographical distance, genetic distances (dif-ferent populations) should be taken into consideration during parent selection in cross breeding.