山西省苦荞品种资源研究

摘要

This study analyzed the tartary buckwheat recorded in the books Cata-logue of Crop Germplasm Resources in Shanxi Province and Catalogue of Chinese Buckwheat Germplasm Resources by Excel 2003 and DPS 7.5 from the aspects of distribution areas, main agronomic traits and nutritional components, so as to lay a foundation for the selection of excel ent buckwheat germplasm resources and im-provement of buckwheat varieties. The results showed that different buckwheat vari-eties vary in plant height, node number of the main stem, grain weight per plant, grain weight per plant and kilo-grain weight. Compared with the national average values, buckwheat in Shanxi is higher in protein and fat, but lower in vitamin E and vitamin PP; it is rich in Ca, Mg, Cu, P, Se, Fe, Mn and Zn; and it contains 18 amino acids with the content of glutamic acid being the highest and the content of tryptophane being the lowest. After analyzing and classifying the tartary buckwheat germplasm resources recorded in Catalogue of GropGermplasm Resources in Shanxi Province and Catalogue of Chinese Buckwheat Germplasm Resources, breeders could breed new varieties with high yield and quality and strong stress re-sistance by crossbreeding with these germplasm resources.%对山西省苦荞品种资源的分布区域、主要农艺性状和营养成分进行分析，开展苦荞资源研究，对筛选优异苦荞种质资源和改良苦荞品种具有重要的指导意义。利用 Excel2003和 DPS7.5软件，从品种资源的分布区域、主要农艺性状和营养成分含量3个方面，对《山西省农作物品种资源目录》和《中国荞麦品种资源目录》记载的山西省苦荞品种资源进行了统计分析。结果表明：山西省各地均有苦荞种植，但不同苦荞品种在生育期、株高、主茎节数、主茎分枝数、单株粒重和千粒重性状上存在着明显差异，表现出苦荞地方品种资源的多样性。山西省苦荞资源的蛋白质和脂肪含量平均值高于全国平均水平，维生素 PP含量平均值与全国平均水平相当，而维生素E 含量平均值低于全国平均水平；微量元素 Ca、Mg、Cu、P和 Se等含量极为丰富，Fe、Mn 和 Zn等含量亦较高；含有的18种氨基酸中谷氨酸含量最高，色氨酸含量最低。并采用欧氏距离，利用类平均法对调查材料进行了系统聚类分析。通过对《山西省农作物品种资源目录》和《中国荞麦品种资源目录》中保存的苦荞资源进行分析，对不同的品种资源进行了分类，育种工作者可以选择具有互补性状的种质资源，通过杂交育种途径，选育出丰产、优质、抗逆的新品种。