微生物肥与复合肥配施对微灌苹果产量和果实品质以及翌年成花坐果的影响

摘要

In order to study the application effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application on microirrigation apple, three types of fertilizers were ap-plied in spring which were urea (CK, 15 kg/plant), microbial fertilizer (5.0 kg/plant), microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed (each 2.5 kg/plant) to study the ef-fect of different fertilizer treatments on yield, fruit quality, flowering and fruit setting of Xinshijie apple. The results showed that application of microbial fertilizer could in-crease the yield, fruit weight and fruit shape index, significantly increase the flower-ing rates and inflorescence fruit setting rate of fol owing year, while reduce the fruit hardness and soluble solids content, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and com-pound fertilizer mixed application on increasing fruit weight and yield was higher than that of microbial fertilizer separate application, the effect of the two was not obvious in other aspects. Therefore, microbial fertilizer could be used instead of some chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer in apple production to reach the aim of increasing yield and efficiency, and the effect of microbial fertilizer and compound fertilizer mixed application was best.%为了探讨微生物肥及其与复合肥料混施在微灌苹果上的田间应用效果，在所有肥料均采用撒施的条件下，以常规春施尿素（1.5 kg/株）为对照（CK），研究了春季一次性单施微生物肥（施用量5.0 kg/株）和微生物肥减半后与专用掺混肥料结合施用（微生物肥2.5 kg/株垣专用掺混肥料2.5 kg/株）对新世界苹果产量、品质以及翌年成花坐果的影响。结果表明，施用微生物肥可提高苹果产量，增大单果重和果形指数，显著提高翌年的成花率和花序坐果率，但会降低果实硬度和可溶性固形物含量，其中，微生物肥与专用掺混肥料混施对增大单果重和提高产量的效果明显好于微生物肥单施，但二者对果型、果实内在品质以及翌年成花率和花序坐果率的影响效果差异均不明显。在微灌苹果上可以用微生物肥代替部分化肥和有机肥，达到增产增效的目的，其中，微生物肥与专用掺混肥料混施的效果好于单施化肥和单施微生物肥。