俄罗斯黄花草木樨生物活性成分的资源分布与开发利用

摘要

To confirm the content and distribution of bioactive components in roots,stems, leaves and grains of Russian Melilotus officinalis 'Sligen 1', an experiment involving bioactive components detection and field planting was conducted. Kjeldahl method and high performance gas chromatography were used to detect the protein. The automatic amino acid analyzer was used to detect amino acid. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and molecular distillation apparatus were used to confirm the fatty acid content. Gravimetric method was used to detect saponin and alkaloid contents. High performance liquid chromatography was used to detect the coumarin content. The polyphenol content was determined by forint reagent colorimetric method. Anthracene copper-sulfuric acid colorimetry was used to detect the polysaccharide, and aluminum nitrate-sodium nitrite-sodium hydroxide colorimetric method was used to confirm flavone. The results showed that protein and amino acid were mainly distributed in leaves and seeds. The fatty acid was mainly distributed in seeds. The saponin was mainly distributed in roots and leave. The polyphenol was mainly distributed in roots, stems and leaves. The alkaloid was mainly distributed in stems, leaves and seeds. Seeds mainly contained coumarin. M. officinalis had little polysaccharide and flavone. The total production of bioactive ingredients was 3016.3 kg/hm2. The output of crude protein, amino acids and fatty acids was 1400.6, 1246.8, 112.2, respectively. The yields of effective components saponins,alkaloids, polyphenols and coumarin were 97.0, 77.9, 41.7, 40.1 kg/hm2, respectively. After separation, extraction and purification, those components can be used as the natural ingredients to develop medicine, food, chemical and other biotechnological products.%为了查明生物活性成分在俄罗斯‘斯列金1号’黄花草木樨根、茎、叶、子中的含量与分布特征,本研究重点开展了黄花草木樨活性成分的检测及田间开发试验.分别采用凯氏定氮法和高效气相色谱法检测蛋白质;氨基酸自动分析仪法检测氨基酸;气相色谱-质谱、分子蒸馏仪检测脂肪酸;重量法检测皂苷与生物碱;高效液相色谱仪检测香豆素;福林试剂比色法检测多酚;蒽铜-硫酸比色法检测多糖;亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝-氢氧化钠比色法检测黄酮.结果表明,蛋白质和氨基酸主要分布在叶和子中,脂肪酸在子中含量较多.皂苷主要分布在根和叶,多酚在根、茎、叶中含量都比较高,生物碱在茎、叶、子中含量较高,香豆素在子中含量最高,黄酮和多糖在各个部位的含量都比较少.每公顷牧草生物活性成分的总产量为3016.3 kg/hm2.其中粗蛋白质、氨基酸和粗脂肪酸原料的产量分别为1400.6、1246.8、112.2 kg/hm2.有效成分皂苷、生物碱、多酚、香豆素的产量分别为97.0、77.9、41.7、40.1 kg/hm2.上述成分经分离提取纯化后,可作为开发医药、保健食物、食物(品)化工等生物技术产品的天然原料.