白蜡硬枝扦插繁殖技术研究

摘要

[目的]补充目前白蜡的繁殖方式,解决白蜡优良品种的无性繁殖技术问题.[方法]以1年生鲁蜡2号、园蜡2号、鲁蜡5号白蜡无性系硬枝为试验材料,其中鲁蜡5号采用三因素(激素种类、激素浓度及处理时间)三水平正交试验设计,鲁蜡2号、园蜡2号及鲁蜡5号采用真空泵处理的方法研究不同环境下硬枝扦插繁殖技术.[结果]鲁蜡5号在不同环境下扦插成活率由高到低依次为塑料花盆(94.4％)、营养杯(92.8％)、沙盘(56.1％),其中营养杯环境下100 mg,/L的ABT1处理2h,100 mg/L的NAA处理4h,100 mg/L的IBA处理6h时最优,扦插成活率均达100％;鲁蜡2号及园蜡2号经真空泵处理后的插穗成活率,在沙盘环境下成活率平均为29％,在大塑料花盆环境下成活率平均为64.4％,其中鲁蜡2号在200 mg/L ABT1中用真空泵处理10分钟时,扦插成活率达95％,在所有用真空泵处理中最高.无论是否经过真空泵处理,沙盘内扦插成活率明显低于其他环境下的成活率,而在营养杯及塑料花盆环境下扦插成活率差别不大.[结论]该研究对提高白蜡硬枝扦插繁殖系数具有重要意义.%[Objective] Hard-branch cutting propagation technology of Fraxinus was studied under different environmental conditions.[Method] An orthogonal test was designed based on 1-year-old clones of F.pennsylvanica Marsh Lula 5.Under different growth hormones,hormone concentrations and processing time,F.velutina Lula 2 and F.pennsylvanica Marsh Yuanla 2 were treated by vacuum pump for 10 min.[Result] The decreasing order of cutting survival rates of Lula 5 under different environments was small plastic flowerpot (94.4％),nutrition cup (92.8％),sand tray (56.1％),and cuttings treated with 100 mg/L ABT1 for 2 h,200 mg/L ABT1 for 4 h and 100 mg/L IBA for 6 h under large nutrition cup environment grew the best,showing a survival rate of 100％.Lula 2 and Yuanla 2 were subjected to vacuum pump treatment,the survival rate of cuttings under the sand tray environment was averagely 29％;and under the large plastic flowerpot environment,the survival rate of cuttings was averagely 64.4％,and cuttings of Lula 2 treated with vacuum pump for 10 min in 200 mg/L ABT1 showed a survival rate up to 95％,which was the highest among all treatments.It could be seen that whether cuttings were treated with vacuum pump,the survival rate of cuttings in sand tray was lower than those under other environments,while there was no big difference in survival rate of cuttings between the nutrition cup and plastic flowerpot environments.[Conclusion] This study is of great significance to improvement of cutting propagation coefficient.