有限灌溉对沙地春玉米底墒利用及籽粒产量影响的研究

摘要

Experimental study was conducted in arid environment of new sandy land in Linze desert oasis to evaluate the effect of limited irrigation on soil moisture use and maize grain yield. There are four limited irrigation treatments (including CK) with different irrigation quota (MI1 :642 mm,MI2:666 mm, MI3: 777 mm, and CK: 897 mm) in the whole growing season of maize; each treatment distributes different irrigation water amount in growing stages. The result indicated that the highest use of soil moisture was obtained in MI) with the least growing season irrigation, and its soil moisture use in 0 ~ 100 cm soil layer was higher than MI2, MI3 and CK by 8.0% , 10.4% and 14.3% respectively. The highest grain yield was obtained in CK, however, its water use efficiency was the lowest. The highest water use efficiency was obtained in MI2, and its water use efficiency was higher than MI1, MI3 and CK by 11.7 % , 12.7% and 17.7% respectively. Less amount and more frequent irrigation can improve the farmland productivity in oasis sandy land with limited water resources carrying capacity.%在干旱环境下耕作层保水能力较差的新垦沙地进行了春玉米有限灌溉试验研究,结果表明:有限灌溉可以促使春玉米更多地利用土壤底墒,灌水最少的处理MI1底墒利用率最高,分别比MI2、MI3、对照CK高8.0％、10.4％、14.3％.4种灌水处理以灌水最多的对照CK玉米籽粒产量最高,但水分利用效率最低；灌水相对较少的处理MI2水分利用效率最高,分别比MI1、MI3、对照CK高11.7％、12.7％、17.7％.在绿洲新垦沙区采用少灌、勤灌的有限灌溉制度,全生育期使用较少的水有助于提高有限水资源承载力下绿洲农田生产力.