干旱年份全膜双垄沟播覆盖模式对玉米水分和温度的影响

摘要

This paper investigated the effects of whole plastic -film mulching of double ridges and planting in catchment furrows on soil moisture and temperature of dryland maize.The study was conducted in a typical semiarid area and measured the variations of soil moisture and temperature at the different growth stages under the three treatments,in-cluding whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows (T1),flat film (T2),and non-covering flat planting (CK).The results showed that:(1)The water content of T1 was 0.3 percentage points and 0.5 percentage points higher than T2 and CK during the whole growth period,respectively.The largest difference of 0 ~200 cm soil layer water content appeared between emergence and seven-leaf stage,T1 was 0.7 and 3.2 percentage points higher than T2 and CK,respectively.By contrast,the smallest difference occurred at silking stage,with T1 only in-creased by 0.4 percentage points compared with T2 and being similar to CK.T1 was 0.4 percentage points higher than T2 but 0.5 percentage points lower than CK at the milky maturity stage.(2)At soil layer of 0 ~40 cm,water content of T1 was 0.5 and 0.9 percentage points higher than T2 and CK during the whole growth period,respectively.The largest difference was detected in the 20 ~40 cm soil depth,with T1 being 0.5 percentage points and 1 .3 percentage points higher than T2 and CK,respectively.At the 40 ~80 cm soil layer,T1 was 0.4 percentage points and 0.5 percentage points higher than T2 and CK.At the 80 ~200 cm soil layer,T1 was 0.5 percentage points higher than T2 but 0.4 per-centage points lower than CK.(3)The soil temperature of T1 was 0.7℃ and 2.5℃ higher than T2 and CK during the whole growth period at the 0 ~40 cm soil layer,respectively.The maximum difference was observed at seedling stage, with T1 being 0.8℃ and 4.9℃ higher than T2 and CK,and the minimum difference at silking stage,with T1 0.8℃and 0.7℃.It was concluded that the techniques of whole plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catch-ment furrows significantly improved the soil temperature and water content,suggesting that is a highly efficient cultivation pattern of dryland corn.%通过田间试验，比较分析干旱年份全膜双垄沟播（T1）、平铺覆膜（T2）以及露地平作（不覆膜，CK）3种种植方式玉米不同生育期土壤含水率和温度的变化，探求全膜双垄沟播技术对旱区玉米田土壤水分和温度的影响。结果表明：（1）从0～200 cm 土层平均含水率看，全生育期以 T1处理的平均值最高，比 T2和 CK 高0．3和0．5个百分点；处理间0～200 cm 土层含水率以出苗～7叶期差异最大，T1比 T2和 CK 高0．7和3．2个百分点，以吐丝期差异最小，T1比 T2和 CK 高0．4和0．0个百分点，乳熟～成熟期 T1比 T2高0．4个百分点、比 CK 低0．5个百分点。（2）从全生育期浅层土壤（0～40 cm）各层平均含水率看，T1比 T2和 CK 高0．5和0．9个百分点，以20～40 cm 差异最大，T1比 T2和 CK 分别高0．5和1．3个百分点，40～80 cm 土层，T1比 T2和 CK 分别高0．4和0．5个百分点，80～200 cm 土层，T1高出 T20．5而低于 CK 0．4个百分点。（3）全生育期0～40 cm 土层温度平均值看，T1比 T2和 CK 高0．7℃和2．5℃，其中以苗期差异最大，T1比 T2和 CK 分别高0．8℃和4．9℃，吐丝期差异最小，T1比 T2和 CK 分别高0．8℃和0．7℃。说明全膜双垄沟播技术能明显改善土壤温、湿度状况，是旱区玉米的高效栽培模式。