利用 CERES －Wheat 模型分析冬小麦所需灌溉量的时空变化--以河南省为例

摘要

Soil water balance of CERES -Wheat was assessed for Zhengzhou of Henan province .Based on valida-tion of water balance ,daily weather data of 16 stations in Henan to model irrigation requirement of crop during 1961—2009 ,and temporal and spatial characteristics of irrigation requirement of crop were analyzed .Irrigation requirement at every stage was compared between the northern and the southern regions in Henan .The results showed :(1 ) the irrigation requirement of crops in the northern regions was more than that in the southern regions in Henan ,with irrigation amounts being 307~499 mm for dry years ,256~432 mm for normal years ,and 169~372 mm for wet years ;(2 ) irrigation re-quirement of crops showed decreasing trend in most of the eastern region .Significant correlation between irrigation re-quirement and evapotranspiration existed ;(3 ) The irrigation requirements reached the highest level in the apical spikelet formation and mature period ;in some year with less precipitation ,the winter wheat in the southern regions is similar to in the northern regions . Even for years with more precipitation , irrigation requirement was necessary at the stage apical spikelet formation .%基于河南省16个站点1961—2009年的逐日气象数据，运用CERES －Wheat模型对冬小麦所需灌溉量进行了模拟，分析了河南冬小麦所需灌溉量的时间变化和空间分布特征，并对比了河南不同区域冬小麦在不同生育期所需的灌溉量。结果表明：（1）河南冬小麦生育期所需灌溉量呈现北多南少的格局。出现这种格局的可能原因是，河南北部小麦生育期降水量少于南部，降水量少导致对灌溉的依赖程度大；河南少水年、平水年和多水年的作物所需灌溉量分别307～499、256～432 mm和169～372 mm ，分布格局均呈北部多、南部少的分布特征。（2）主要分布在东部平原区的10个站点的冬小麦所需灌溉量呈显著递减趋势（ P＜0．05）。在这些站点，小麦所需灌溉量与同期蒸散量显著相关，因此，河南东部冬小麦生长期蒸散量的显著递减趋势导致了该地区冬小麦所需灌溉量也呈现显著递减趋势。（3）在以安阳为代表的河南北部，冬小麦主要生育期都需要灌溉，且在顶小穗形成期和成熟期所需灌溉量最大；在以南阳为代表的河南南部，在降水量较少年份冬小麦主要生育期需要灌溉，同样在顶小穗形成期和成熟期所需灌溉量最大，而在降水量较多年份，尽管全生育期所需灌溉量总量较少，但在顶小穗形成期的灌溉量仍然最多。