绿洲生态条件下氮磷肥配施对冬小麦干物质分配及产量的影响

摘要

The effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer on dry matter distribution ,grain filling and grain yield of winter wheat were investigated in the ecological conditions of northwest oasis of China .Four treatments comprised of two nitrogen levels (165 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2 ) and twophosphorus levels (105 kg·hm-2 and 165 kg·hm-2 ) .The re-sults showed that N2 P1 and N2 P2 had higher grain yields of 7 644 .73 kg·hm-2 and 7 686 .25 kg·hm-2 ,and higher water use efficiency (WUE) of 11 .67 kg·hm-2·mm-1 and 11 .49 kg·hm-2·mm-1 ,respectively .The grain weight and grain number increased with nitrogen application rates ,but the effect of phosphate fertilizer on the yield components was not significant .Further ,there weresignificant effects of nitrogen ,phosphorus and N × P interaction on the average rate of grain filling (V) ,the maximum filling rate (Vmax ) ,the increased grain weight number (Ws ) and rate of the effective and continuous period of grain filling (Vs ) ,while dry matter accumulation and distribution of winter wheat was signifi-cantly different at each growth stage .%在西北绿洲生态条件下，设165 kg · hm－2（N1），225 kg · hm－2（N2）两个氮素（纯氮）水平和105 kg · hm－2（P1）、165 kg·hm－2（P2）两个磷素（P2O5）水平共4个处理，研究了氮磷配施对冬小麦产量及干物质积累及分配、灌浆特性的影响。结果表明：N2 P1、N2 P2具有较高的籽粒产量，分别为7644．73、7686．25 kg · hm－2，同时，水分利用效率（WUE）也较高，分别为11．67、11．49 kg·hm－2·mm－1；千粒重和穗粒数随施氮量增加而提高，磷对籽粒产量构成要素影响不显著；氮、氮和磷互作对籽粒平均灌浆速率（V ）、最大灌浆速率（Vmax ）、有效灌浆持续期粒重增加值（Ws ）和有效灌浆持续期灌浆速率（Vs ）均有显著影响，但影响籽粒重量的主要因素是 Vmax ；氮、磷及氮和磷互作对不同器官干物质积累及其分配影响在不同生育时期表现不一。