半干旱区‘冀谷31’微集水种植增产机理研究

摘要

以夏谷区主栽品种冀谷31为材料，通过测定微集水种植和露地栽培（对照）的农艺性状、经济性状、干物重、光合速率、叶面积系数、土壤水分含量、土壤温度和叶绿素含量，探讨武安市半干旱区微集水种植的增产机理，为该技术在半干旱夏谷区的推广应用提供科学依据。结果表明：微集水种植较对照增产16．28％，土壤水分含量在10～20 cm深度提高10％以上，膜内土壤温度最高升高2．4℃，净光合速率提高15．44％，叶面积指数提高11．5％，SPAD值提高10．07％。因此，微集水种植具有显著增产的作用，其生理机制在于：微集水种植起到了保墒升温作用，促进了植株的生长发育；提高了净光合速率和叶面积指数，促进了根茎叶穗的干物质积累；在此基础上单穗重、穗粒重、出谷率、亩穗数经济性状得到提高；后期提高了功能叶片的叶绿素含量，防止了早衰，减少了秕谷。因此将微集水种植作为半干旱地区谷子生产的主要方式之一具有科学依据，应积极进行推广。%In this study ,Jigu 31 ,one of the main cultivars in summer millet area ,was used as experimental mate-rial ,and agronomic characters ,economic characters ,dry matter weight ,photosynthetic rate ,leaf area coefficient ,soil water content ,soil temperature and chlorophyll content were measured ,with the aims to investigate the yield increasing effect of rainfall microcatchment ,and thus provide a scientific basis for technique application in the semiarid summer-millet area .The results showed that in comparison with that of CK ,the yield of microcatchment treatment was increased by 16 .28% ,soil water content in the 10~20 cm depth 10% ,net photosynthetic rate 15 .44% ,LAI 11 .5% ,SPAD 10 .07% ,respectively .Therefore ,rainfall microcatchment has a significant effect on yield ,with the physiological mech-anism explained as follows .Rainfall microcatchment has favorable effect on water and heat conservation ,thus promoting plant growth and development by improved net photosynthetic rate and leaf area index .In addition ,dry matter accumula-tion of root and shoot ,number of spikelets and spike grain weight and grain rate were increased .Therefore ,rainfall water microcatchment can used as an option for millet growing in semiarid area .