滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量及综合品质的影响

摘要

Using orthogonal design ,the study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation and fertilization on yield and quality of tomato under drip irrigation .The optimal practices of irrigation and fertilization were proposed according to the established model of regression relationship between water and fertilizer amounts and yield as well as score of quality . The quality was graded with analytic hierarchy process (AHP) .The result showed that the established model fitted well and can be used to analyze the effects of irrigation and fertilization on yield and quality .Impact of water on the yield and quality was different from that of fertilizer .In the yield model ,coefficient of irrigation (0 .78 , X1 ) ,was greater than that of fertilization (0 .35 , X2 ) ,showing a larger influence of water on yield than that of fertilizer .In the quality model ,co-efficient of fertilization (0 .22 , X2 ) was greater than that of irrigation (0 .14 , X1 ) ,indicating a larger influence of fertil-izer on quality than that of water .The yield and quality of tomato declined in low or high level of water and fertilizer ,so the amount of irrigation water and fertilizer must be managed reasonably .Taking yield and quality into consideration ,the optimum amount of irrigation water was 2 803 .36~3 420 .93 m3·hm-2 ,and fertilizer amount was 286 .01~334 .78 kg ·hm-2 ,P2O5 143 .00~167 .39 kg·hm-2 ,and K2O 286 .01~334 .78 kg·hm-2 .%以番茄为材料，采用正交设计，研究了滴灌条件下水肥耦合对番茄产量和品质的影响。利用层次分析法对果实品质进行综合评价，建立水肥与番茄产量和品质综合得分的数学模型，并确定了最优灌水施肥量。结果表明：所建立的模型拟合较好，可用于分析水肥对产量和综合品质的影响。水肥对产量和品质的影响有所不同。产量模型中，灌水量（ X1）的一次项系数为0．78，大于施肥量（ X2）的一次项系数0．35，水分因素对产量的贡献比施肥大；而在品质效应模型中，施肥量（ X2）的一次项系数0．22大于灌水量（ X1）的一次项系数0．14，肥料对品质的影响更大。在水肥耦合作用中，产量及品质效应图均为上凸的曲面，水肥过高或过低均会使产量和品质下降，灌水和施肥要配合合理。由综合产量和品质得出最佳灌水量为2803．36～3420．93 m3· hm－2，施肥量为N：286．01～334．78 kg ·hm－2，P2O5：143．00～167．39 kg·hm－2，K2O：286．01～334．78 kg·hm－2。