宁夏中部干旱带玉米生育期热量条件时空特征分析

摘要

Maize growth period data and daily climate data of Yanchi,Tongxin and Haiyuan counties in the middle arid region of Ningxia were used to build the maize temperature suitability degrees.And spatio-temporal analysis of these degrees and active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃.The result indicated that:the maize temperature suitability degrees and active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ were in ascent,and the suitability degrees in these three counties from high to low listed as Tongxin county,Yanchi county and Haiyuan county,and the suitability degrees are 0.966,0.911 and 0.726 respectively.The temperature suitability degrees in sowing to emergence,emergence to jointing,jointing to tasseling and silking to maturity periods represented an increase,while the degrees in jointing to tasseling period increased the fast,and the degrees are 0.03· 10a-1.Active accumulated temperature ≥ 10℃ in sowing to emergence and emergence to jointing periods represented an increase.%利用宁夏中部干旱带盐池、同心及海原三地1988-2013年逐日气象资料建立玉米全生育期及各主要生育阶段温度适宜度模型,并对宁夏中部干旱带玉米生育期温度适宜度及≥10℃积温进行时空变化分析.结果表明:宁夏中部干旱带玉米全生育期温度适宜度以及≥10℃积温均呈波动上升趋势,三地的温度适宜度从大到小依次为同心、盐池、海原,数值分别为:0.966,0.911和0.726.温度适宜度在播种～出苗,出苗～拔节,拔节～抽雄,开花吐丝～成熟阶段均呈上升趋势,其中拔节～抽雄阶段上升速率最快,速率为0.03.10a-1.盐池玉米的热量关键期为抽雄～开花吐丝阶段,同心为播种～出苗阶段,而海原为拔节～抽雄阶段.