小麦间作玉米农田耗水特性及产量变化对根系分隔的响应

摘要

通过田间试验，研究了小麦间作玉米塑料薄膜隔根（PW／／C）、尼龙网隔根（NW／／C）、不隔根（W／／C）及单作玉米（C）和单作小麦（W）对土壤水分、棵间蒸发和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，根系分隔显著影响作物的耗水特性，从而显著影响作物产量及水分利用效率的提高。小麦收获前，W／／C、NW／／C和PW／／C处理玉米带土壤水分含量均高于小麦带，分别提高2．38％、3．82％和6．13％；小麦收获后，NW／／C和PW／／C处理玉米带土壤水分含量却均低于小麦带，分别降低5．41％和16．07％，而W／／C处理玉米带和小麦带间水分差异不显著。根系分隔显著增大了间作模式的作物棵间蒸发量，NW／／C和PW／／C较W／／C处理分别显著提高6．71％和20．13％。以单作小麦、单作玉米加权平均为对照，W／／C、NW／／C和PW／／C处理分别显著提高经济产量33．60 ％、26．93％和24．69％，增大耗水量－0．2％、1．02％和6．69％，显著提高水分利用效率34．93％、26．67％和17．80％。W／／C处理较NW／／C和PW／／C处理分别提高经济产量5．25％和7．14％，降低耗水量1．21％和6．64％，提高水分利用效率6．52％和14．54％。%A field experiment was conducted from March to October in 2009 to investigate the effects of different root partition patterns (roots of intercropped wheat-maize were separated by plastic film (PW//C ) ,and nylon (NW//C) ,no-root-separation (W//C) ,sole wheat ,and sole maize) on soil water ,soil evaporation and water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat-maize intercropping system .The results indicated that the intercropping systems significantly affected the characteristic of soil water consumption that markely improved crop yield and WUE during two crops growing stage . Root partition patterns significantly decreased soil water dynamic and crop yield .Before harvesting wheat ,W//C ,NW//C and PW//C treatments improved soil water storage of maize strip by 2 .38% ,3 .82% and 6 .13% than that of wheat strip ,respectively .However ,after harvesting wheat ,NW//C and PW//C treatments decreased soil water storage of maize strip by 5 .41% and 16 .07% than that of wheat strip ,respectively .However ,no significant difference was found in soil water storage between wheat and maize strips by W//C treatment .Root partition patterns significantly increased the soil evaporation ,and NW//C and PW//C treatments significantly increased soil evaporation by 6 .71% and 20 .13%compared with NW//C treatment ,respectively .Compared to the weighted averages of sole wheat and maize ,W//C , NW//C and PW//C treatments significantly improved yield by 33 .60% ,26 .93% and 24 .69% ,water consumption by 0 .2% ,1 .02% and 6 .69% ,and water use efficiency (WUE) by 34 .93% ,26 .67% and 17 .80% ,respectively .Com-pared to NW//C and PW//C treatments ,W//C treatments significantly improved yield by 5 .25% and 7 .14% , de-creased water consumption by 1 .21% and 6 .64% ,and improved WUE by 6 .52% and14 .54% ,respectively .