土壤速效磷浓度对立架甜瓜生物量和磷素累积特征的影响

摘要

以喀什地区立架伽师瓜为研究材料，试验设置6个水平（0、150、225、300、375和450 kg·hm－2）施磷量的田间试验，研究土壤速效磷（Olsen P ）浓度对立架甜瓜生物量和磷素累积特征的影响。结果表明，施磷条件下立架甜瓜田间土壤Olsen P浓度的动态变化可用三次函数方程模拟，立架甜瓜生物量、磷素累积动态遵循Logistic曲线；土壤Olsen P浓度快速下降期的平均速率、持续时间分别与立架甜瓜生物量、磷素快速累积期的最大相对累积速率、持续时间存在显著或极显著的相关性；在150～225 kg·hm－2施磷量条件下，土壤Olsen P浓度快速下降期的平均速率（0．078～0．108 mg·d－1）和持续时间（36．1～52．0 d）最佳，立架甜瓜生物量和磷素快速累积期的累积特征值，生物量、磷素累积特征值、产量以及品质均最优，其中生物量和磷素累积理论最大值以及产量分别达515．8～529．2 g·株－1，1791．4～1895．2 mg·株－1和68972．0～71037．6 kg·hm－2。高施磷量（450 kg·hm－2）和不施磷（0 kg·hm－2）均不利于立架甜瓜生物量和磷素的累积。土壤Olsen P浓度的动态变化能响应立架甜瓜生物量和磷素的累积状况，尤其是合理施用磷肥（150～225 kg·hm－2）可调节立架甜瓜田间土壤Olsen P浓度的动态变化，优化立架甜瓜生物量和磷素的累积以及提高其产量和品质。%Phosphorus is the main nutrient factors improving trellis-cultivated melon yield and quality .This study aims to investigate the response of soil available phosphorus variation of different phosphorus levels and growth of trellis-cultivated melon ,providing theoretical basis for the reasonable application of phosphate fertilizer in trellis-cultivated mel-on production .The effects of soil Olsen P concentration on biomass and phosphorus accumulation of trellis-cultivated melon was investigated by applying six levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0 , 150 , 225 , 300 , 375 kg · hm-2 and 450 kg·hm-2 ) ,under field experiment of planting melon in Kashgar .The results showed the change of soil Olsen P concen-tration could be simulated with a cubic function ,biomass and phosphorus accumulation of trellis-cultivated melon with lo-gistic formula .Average rate and duration for the soil Olsen P concentration reduction rate had significant or extremely significant correlation with the maximum rate and duration of accumulation of biomass and phosphorus .Under the P level between 150 kg·hm-2 to 225 kg·hm-2 ,the soil Olsen P had optimal average reduction rate (0 .078~0 .108 mg·d-1 ) and duration (36 .1~52 .0 d ) ,trellis-cultivated melon had optimal biomass and phosphorus accumulation eigenvalues , and had the highest yield and optimal quantity .The maximum value of biomass and phosphorus accumulation as well as yield of trellis-cultivated melon in 150 kg·hm-2 and 225 kg·hm-2 treatments were 515 .8~529 .2 g·plant-1 ,1791 .4~1895 .2 mg·plant-1 and 68972 .0~71037 .6 kg·hm-2 ,respectively .high (450 kg·hm-2 ) or low (0 kg·hm-2 ) phos-phorus application was not favorable for biomass and phosphorus accumulation .The dynamic change of soil Olsen P con-centration responded to the biomass and phosphorus accumulation of trellis-cultivated melon .The optimal phosphorus ap-plied level between 150 kg·hm-2 to 225 kg·hm-2 can regulate soil Olsen P concentration ,and be beneficial for optimiz-ing biomass and phosphorus accumulation characteristics ,yield and quality .