不同覆盖种植方式与平衡施肥对马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响

摘要

采用田间试验方法，研究了不同覆盖种植方式与平衡施肥对旱地马铃薯产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，三种覆盖种植方式中，全膜覆盖垄播种植方式有利于马铃薯碳水化合物的合成，增加马铃薯干物质积累量，N、P、K平衡施肥干物质积累量增加效果显著；与裸地平作相比，全膜覆盖垄播和全膜覆盖平作马铃薯块茎产量分别增加43．4％～60．7％和18．8％～32．5％，水分利用效率分别提高59．4％～79．6％和38．3％～50．3％；N、P2O5和K2O的用量分别为210、105、90 kg·hm－2时，全膜覆盖垄播处理马铃薯产量和水分利用效率最高。研究表明，马铃薯在全膜覆盖垄播栽培条件下，平衡施肥可显著提高马铃薯块茎产量和水分利用效率。%Field trials were conducted to study the effects of different coverage cultivation and balanced fertilization on yield and water use efficiency of dryland potato .The results showed that all-film covering ridge sowing cultivation was favourable for the synthesis of carbohydrates of potato,resulting in increase in dry matter accumulation of potato .And marked effect was detected for balanced fertilization of the N,P and K .Compared with exposed land cultivation,potato yields of all-film covering ridge sowing cultivation and all-film covering sowing cultivation were increased by 43 .4%~60.7%and 18.8%~32.5%,and water use efficiency by 59.4%~79.6%and 38.3%~50.3%,respectively.In the nutrient consumption of 210、105,90 kg·hm-2 of N,P2O5 and K2O case,potato yield and water use efficiency of all-film covering ridge sowing treatment were the highest .Collectively,balanced fertilization can significantly increase yield and water use efficiency of potato in all-film covering ridge sowing cultivation .