被誉为“第三次工业革命”的增材制造技术通过材料层层累加的方式实现结构的制备,这种独特的制造方式实现了高度复杂结构的自由“生长”成形,极大地拓宽了设计“空间”,为新型结构及材料的制备提供了强大的工具.制造工艺的飞速发展往往需要设计技术的快速跟进,拓扑优化方法因其不依赖初始构型及工程师经验,可获得完全意想不到的创新构型,已成为结构创新设计的重要工具.因此,将拓扑优化(先进设计技术)与增材制造(先进制造技术)融合,发展面向增材制造的创新设计技术具有广阔的前景.从面向增材制造的优质结构构型设计以及考虑增材制造工艺约束的拓扑优化设计方法两个方面,介绍了现阶段基于拓扑优化方法所建立的结构创新设计理论,并指出未来研究的趋势.%Additive manufacturing (AM),acclaimed as the most representative manufacturing technology in the "third industrial revolution",is a manufacturing process where material is added through deposition or melting in a layer-by-layer fashion.This special manufacturing process makes the fabrication of the structures with complex shapes and geometrical features possible.AM has been the subject of several studies,the breakthrough in manufacturing is yet to be followed by a breakthrough in designing process.Topology optimization (TO) is a powerful free-form design tool that couples finite element analysis with mathematical programming to systematically design for engineering problems.It does not require a preestablished design and is capable of giving some new,sometime unanticipated,design ideas to designers.In this paper,we seek to leverage the full potential of this burgeoning manufacturing technology by reviewing the new design algorithms based on topology optimization.
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