分汊型河道水流运动特性和污染物输移规律研究进展

摘要

The relevant researches on the flow characteristics and pollutant transport laws in braided rivers were reviewed. They were summarized from four aspects, namely the flow characteristics of bifurcation, confluence and the whole braided river, and the pollutant transport laws in braided rivers. Firstly, as to the flows at the bifurcation and confluence of braided rivers, the research achievements from the ID and 2D flow characteristics including energy loss, water level variation, flow separation and so on to the 3D flow structure and turbulent characteristics were introduced. Secondly, the flow characteristics of the whole braided river were described by means of field tests, laboratory tests and numerical simulations. Thirdly, the relevant researches on the pollutant transport laws in braided rivers were reviewed and analyzed, and the numerical simulations were found out to be the main method. Finally, some further problems about the flow characteristics and pollutant transport laws in braided rivere were put forward, especially the experimental studies on the pollutant transport mechanism under different discharge modes, pollutant densities and braided forms.%对分汊型河道的水流运动特性和污染物输移扩散规律的相关研究进行综述,分别从分汊型河道中分汉口、交汇口、整个分汊河道的水流特性及分汊型河道中的污染物输移特性等4个方面进行总结.介绍分汉口和交汇口处的水流从其能量损失、水位变化、水流分离等一维、二维过流特征到三维流动结构和紊动特性的研究过程；从野外现场试验、室内物理模型试验和数学模型模拟等角度出发阐述了整个分汊河道的水流特性；认为污染物在分汊河道中的输运规律研究主要集中在数值模拟上,并进行了回顾和分析；提出分汊河道水流水质输移特性研究中一些有待深入探究的问题,尤其亟待加强不同排放方式、不同污染物密度和不同分汊形态下污染物输移机制的试验研究.