随着全球变化和人类活动的加剧，气象因素和环境因素对人体健康的影响逐渐凸显。近年来，呼吸系统疾病发病率和死亡率呈明显上升趋势，其发病原因复杂。综述了国内外呼吸系统发病与人们所处环境中的空气污染物（如颗粒物、臭氧、二氧化氮、二氧化硫等）、典型气象因素（如气温、湿度、降雨、沙尘暴、雷暴等）和吸入性过敏原等因素的相关性及影响程度，并探讨了易感人群呼吸系统发病时的典型环境特点及相关特征。各类环境气象因素对呼吸系统疾病作用的交互程度愈加明显，已成为今后研究的热点和难点之一。在评估各类环境气象因素对呼吸系统的影响时，需着重考虑气象因素-空气污染-过敏原多维体系，探讨气象、环境、健康间的复合作用，设立必要的政策措施以保护公众健康。%As the global change and human activities increase, the effect of meteorological factors and environmental factors on human health is becoming abruptly obvious. In recent years, the rate of mortality and incidence of respiratory diseases has been obviously getting higher and higher, and its etiology is complex. This trend is likely to have been triggered and stimulated by a complex interplay of air pollution (e.g., particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide.) and meteorological factors (such as temperature, humidity, rainfall, dust storms, thunderstorms.) associated with airborne allergens. We discussed typical environmental characteristics of the vulnerable groups’ respiratory diseases. The interactions between environmental and meteorological factors on the respiratory diseases, have become one of research hotspots and dififculties in the future. Meteorological factors-air pollution-allergens multidimensional system should be paid more attention to evaluate all kinds of environmental and meteorological factors on the respiratory system along with the necessary measures taken to protect public health.
展开▼
