研究表明超极化激活环核苷酸门控阳离子通道(HCN通道)大量分布于心脏及神经系统的特定部位,其介导的起搏电流引起窦房结细胞舒张期去极化,从而在心脏自主搏动及心律的调节等方面发挥着十分重要的生理功能.目前,已克隆得到4种HCN亚型基因,并通过功能表达分析指出各种HCN亚型具有不同的电生理学特性.但是目前有关HCN逶道在心脏电活动中的生理及病理生理机制仍未完全阐明.本篇综述旨在详细阐述心脏HCN通道的生物物理学特性、心脏通道蛋白表达、各种HCN通道突变引起的离子通道疾病以及几种通道阻滞药物电药理学特性的研究进展.%Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated ( HCN) channels, responsible for pacemaker current, are widely expressed in heart and nervous system, and HCN mediated currents play a key role in generation and regulation of diastolic depolarization which controls the spontaneous rate in sinoatrial node myocytes. Recently, four mammalian HCN isoforms, respectively termed HCN1-4, have been cloned. When heterologously expressed, each of the four HCN subunits has different electrophysiological properties. However, the physiological and pathophysiological mechanisms of HCN channels on cardiac electric activity have not been revealed completely. In this review we summarize recent insight into the biophysical characteristics of cardiac HCN channels, distribution of channels in heart, five kinds of HCN-related ionic channelopathies and electropharmacological properties of several If blockers.
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