饲粮不同蛋白水平对淮猪生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响

摘要

本试验旨在研究饲粮粗蛋白水平对淮猪育肥后期生产性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响。试验选取48头体重相近的淮猪，公母各半，随机分为3组，即低蛋白组（11．96％）、中蛋白组（13．04％）和高蛋白组（14．16％），每组4个重复，每个重复4头猪，试验期为138 d。结果表明，1）各组猪末重、平均日采食量和平均日增重差异不显著（P ＞0．05），但高蛋白组的料重比显著升高（P ＜0．05）；各组猪屠宰性能无显著影响。2）各组的肌肉 pH、肉色评分、失水率以及干物质、粗蛋白、粗灰分和肌苷酸的含量差异不显著（P ＞0．05），但高蛋白会显著提高肌肉粗脂肪和胆固醇的含量（P ＜0．05）；3）高蛋白组猪肌肉中的亚麻酸含量显著高于低蛋白组（P ＜0．05），而花生四烯酸含量显著低于其他两组（P ＜0．05），其他各组之间脂肪酸含量差异不显著。4）低蛋白组的血清中 ALB 含量显著高于中蛋白组（P ＜0．05），随着蛋白水平提高，血清中的 BUN 含量有升高的趋势（P ＝0．085）。根据本试验结果，饲粮粗蛋白水平为13．04％对淮猪育肥后期生长性能、肉品质和血清生化指标的影响效果最佳。%The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of dietary crude protein level on growth perform-ance,meat quality and serum parameters of Huai pigs.Forty-eight Huai pigs (half males and half females) with similar body weight were randomly divided into 3 groups,and fed with low (11.96%),medium (13.04%)or high protein (14.16%)diets.Each treatment group had 4 replicates with 4 pigs in each replicate. The trial lasted for 138 days.The key results were:1 )No significant difference was seen among the three groups in final body weight,average daily feed intake,average daily gain and slaughter traits.However,the ratio of feed to gain in the high protein group was significantly higher than for the remaining two groups (P <0.05);2)The pH value,color score,driage,DM,crude protein,and ash in muscle and intra-muscular pres-sure showed no significant difference among the three groups,whereas the content of crude fat and cholesterol in muscle were significantly increased in the high protein group (P <0.05);3)There was no significant differ-ence between the three groups in fatty acid,linolenic acid or arachidonic acid levels.The content of linolenicacid in the muscle of the high protein group was significantly higher than that in the low protein group (P <0.05),while arachidonic acid content of muscle was significantly lower in the high protein group than in the re-maining groups (P <0.05);4)The serum albumin levels of animals in the low protein group were significantly higher than those of medium protein group,and blood urea nitrogen in serum tended to increase with increased protein level in the diet (P <0.1).In conclusion,the medium protein diet with 13.04% crude protein was opti-mal for growth performance,meat quality and serum parameters during the final stage of pig fattening.