饲料桑生理活性物质及其饲用价值

摘要

饲料桑蛋白质含量高、氨基酸种类丰富、纤维素含量低,富含多种生理活性物质,是一种优良的多年生饲料资源,对牛、羊、猪、兔、鸡、鱼等多种畜禽都具有很好的适口性.蛋禽日粮中添加桑饲料,可以显著改善蛋黄颜色,提高蛋黄磷脂和不饱和脂肪酸含量,增加蛋清浓稠蛋白含量,改善蛋的风味和品质.肉类畜禽日粮中添加桑饲料,可以显著改善肉品色泽,提高肌肉中肌苷酸和不饱和脂肪酸含量、减少胆固醇含量,降低肌肉滴水损失、延缓pH值下降及脂质氧化变质,提高肉品质量.牛、猪等大型肉类动物采食桑饲料后可减少皮下脂肪沉积,增加肌肉间脂肪含量,有效改善肉的品质风味.综述了饲料桑中主要生理活性物质的种类、含量、结构特征、生理功能及其在畜禽养殖中的饲用价值;从生产性能和改善品质方面分析总结了饲料桑在多种畜禽养殖中的应用效果;提出了减轻抗营养因子不利影响、改善栽培利用效果的技术措施;展望了饲料桑开发应用前景.%Mulberry is a perennial forage crop with high protein content,rich in amino acids,low cellulose content and physiological activators.Mulberry is palatable to livestock and poultry including cattle,sheep,pigs,rabbits,chickens and fish.Mulberry leaf powder in the diet of laying hens can help increase yellow pigmentation of egg yolks,raise phospholipid and unsaturated fatty acid content in the yolk and increase viscosity of egg whites,improve the quality and taste of egg products.The addition of mulberry leaf in the diet of livestock and poultry can improve meat colour,raise inosinic acid and unsaturated fatty acid content in meat,reduce cholesterol content in meat,retain meat moisture,postpone pH decrease and prevent lipid oxidation.In large-scale meat production systems such as beef cattle,pigs,mulberry leaf supplementation can also reduce subcutaneous fat and increase intramuscular fat.Mulberry is a sort of fine perennial forage crop with higher protein content,rich sorts of amino acids,lower cellulose content and many sorts of physiological activators.In this study we review the content,structure,function,feed value and the physiological benefits of mulberry forage and summarize the effects of mulberry on livestock and poultry production performance and improving the product quality.We also propose measures to negate the potential effects of anti-nutritional factors and improve crop management.Finally,the opportunity to utilize mulberry forage is assessed.