基于广义阴阳表面活性剂体系对不同黏度区间原油的普适性降黏作用

摘要

采用脂肪酸-脂肪胺混合的广义阴阳体系,分别通过水相引入与油相引入两种方式对黏度分布在0.05-155 Pa·s范围内的4种原油进行乳化降黏.针对不同地区原油的组成特点与黏度成因,调整复配体系中脂肪酸-脂肪胺的分子结构,采用不同手段构筑乳状液:对于黏度较低的普通稠油,采用水相引入脂肪酸-脂肪胺复配体系的方法;而对于胶质、沥青质含量极高的超稠油,采用油相引入脂肪酸-脂肪胺复配体系黏的方法.两种方法的降黏率均达到95％-99％,获得较为理想的降黏效果.%Herein,viscosity reduction is achieved for four different kinds of heavy oil based on the "generalized" cationic/anionic surfactants dodecanoic acid and dodecylamine.Two methods are employed in this work to reduce the oil viscosity of the oil.The first involves emulsifying the common heavy oil with an aqueous solution of "generalized" cationic/anionic surfactants,which can lead to an oil-in-water emulsion.The other requires dispersing the heavy oil in a mineral oil solution of "generalized" cationic/anionic surfactants.95％-95％ reduction is achieved for all heavy oils investigated thus treated.